Dialogue Definition, Examples and Observations

Discourse Definition, Examples and Observations (1) Dialog is a verbal trade between at least two individuals. (Contrast and monolog.) Also spelled exchange. (2) Dialog likewise alludes to aâ conversation announced in a dramatization or account. Modifier: dialogic. While citing exchange, put the expressions of every speaker inside quotes, and (when in doubt) demonstrate changes in speaker by beginning another section. EtymologyFrom the Greek, discussion Models and Observations Annina: Monsieur Rick, what sort of a man is Captain Renault?Rick: Oh, hes simply like some other man, just more so.(Joy Page and Humphrey Bogart in Casablanca, 1942)How right? I said.As you see, old Hernandez stated, and he pushed his top back on his brow and grinned, alive.(Martha Gellhorn, The Third Winter, 1938) Eudora Welty on the Multiple Functions of Dialog In its start, discoursed the least demanding thing on the planet to compose when you have a decent ear, which I think I have. In any case, as it goes on, its the most troublesome, in light of the fact that it has such a significant number of approaches to work. Now and then I required a discourse do three or four or five things without a moment's delay uncover what the character said yet in addition what he thought he stated, what he stowed away, what others were going to think he implied, and what they misconstrued, etc all in his single discourse. (Eudora Welty, met by Linda Kuehl. The Paris Review, Fall 1972) Discourse versus Talk [T]he discourse is selectivefinely cleaned, and masterminded to pass on the best conceivable measure of significance with minimal utilization of words. . . . [Dialogue] isn't a phonographic proliferation of the manner in which individuals really talk. It’s the manner in which they would talk on the off chance that they had the opportunity to get down to it and refine what they needed to state. (Robertson Davies, The Art of Fiction No. 107. The Paris Review, Spring 1989)Talk is tedious, loaded with meandering aimlessly, fragmented, or run-on sentences, and for the most part contains a ton of superfluous words. Most answers contain echoes of the inquiry. Our discourse is brimming with such echoes. Discourse, in spite of well known view, isn't an account of real discourse; it is a similarity to discourse, a created language of trades that work in rhythm or substance toward peaks. A few people erroneously accept that every one of the an essayist needs to do is turn on a recording device to catch exchange. What hed be catching is a similar exhausting discourse designs the helpless court correspondent needs to record verbatim. Learning the new dialect of discourse is as perplexing as learning any new dialect. (Sol Stein, Stein on Writing. St. Martins Griffin, 1995) Once caught, words must be managed. You need to trim and fix them to cause them to transliterate from the fluffiness of discourse to the lucidity of print. Discourse and print are not the equivalent, and a servile introduction of recorded discourse may not be as illustrative of a speaker as exchange that has been cut and fixed. It would be ideal if you comprehend: you trim and fix however you don't make it up. (John McPhee, Elicitation. The New Yorker, April 7, 2014) Harold Pinter on Writing Out Loud Mel Gussow: Do you read or work your exchange for all to hear when youre composing it? Harold Pinter: I never stop. On the off chance that you were in my room, you would discover me prattling endlessly. . . . I generally test it, truly, not really at the exact second of composing however only several minutes after the fact. MG: And you snicker if its interesting? HP: I snicker like hell.(Mel Gussows meet with dramatist Harold Pinter, October 1989. Discussions With Pinter, by Mel Gussow. Scratch Hern Books, 1994) Guidance on Writing Dialog There are various things that help when you plunk down to compose discourse. As a matter of first importance, sound your wordsread them so anyone can hear. . . . This is something you need to work on, doing it again and again and over. At that point when youre out in the worldthat is, not at your deskand you hear individuals talking, youll get yourself altering their discourse, playing with it, finding in your brains eye what it would resemble on the page. You tune in to how individuals truly talk, and afterward learn gradually to take someones five-minute discourse and make it one sentence, without losing anything. (Anne Lamott, Bird by Bird: Some Instructions on Writing and Life. Irregular House, 1994)[A]lways get to the discourse as quickly as time permits. I generally feel the thing to go for is speed. Nothing puts the peruser off in excess of a major section of exposition toward the beginning. (P.G. Wodehouse, Paris Review Interview, 1975)Just as in fiction, in true to life disc ourse voices working for all to hear on the page-achieves a few significant emotional impacts: It uncovers character, gives strain, moves the story along starting with one point then onto the next, and breaks the dullness of the storytellers voice by contributing different voices that talk in differentiating tones, utilizing various vocabularies and rhythms. Great exchange loans surface to a story, the feeling that it isn't each of the one smooth surface. This is particularly significant in an explicitly first-individual account, since it offers the peruser alleviation from a solitary, tight perspective. The voices in discourse can upgrade or negate the storytellers voice and contribute incongruity, frequently through silliness. (Philip Gerard, Creative Nonfiction: Researching and Crafting Stories of Real Life. Story Press, 1996) Articulation: DI-e-log Otherwise called: dialogism, sermocinatio

The Young Lords Nationalist Party free essay sample

At the point when we discuss progressive pioneers we quickly consider Mandela, Malcolm, King, Lincoln, Kennedy, and Gandhi. They are superb instances of goodness, yet others promptly ring a bell like Ramon Emeterio Betances, Dr. Pedro Albizu Campos, Lolita Lebron, and the Young Lords. The Young Lords have greatly affected the lives of Hispanic Americans and on my life by and by. The Young Lords ingrained a feeling of Puerto Rican pride during when Puerto Ricans were taken a gander at with extraordinary racial, social and language separation just as financial abuse. They changed the sanitation principles on downtown lanes, began free children’s breakfast programs when the city wouldn’t, gave free clinical consideration in el Barrio, free apparel drives, free classes on Puerto Rican history, and numerous other network building programs all while confronting strong restriction from the city of New York, the NYPD, and the FBI. We will compose a custom article test on The Young Lords Nationalist Party or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The narrative of the ascent and fall of the Young Lords is spurring and rousing for present and future progressive Puerto Ricans. In 1969, a youthful socially cognizant gathering of Puerto Rican understudies assembled to talk about the issues that tormented El Barrio (Spanish Harlem). They in the long run called themselves â€Å"Sociedad de Albizu Campos†. They named themselves after El Maestro, Dr. Pedro Albizu Campos; Harvard taught legal advisor, President of the Puerto Rican National Socialist Party and one of the most dearest political dissidents in Puerto Rican history. This association included establishing individuals, for example, Pablo Guzman, Juan Gonzalez, Felipe Luciano, David Perez, Juan Ortiz and Mickey Melendez. Five months after ceaseless gatherings, they understood they not, at this point expected to discuss the issues that tormented Spanish Harlem yet they expected to follow up on them. While perusing the Black Panther paper, they discovered that there was an association of a gathering of Puerto Ricans called the Young Lords in Chicago likewise battling for Latino rights. They meet with the Chicago Young Lords Organization and shaped an association. They were presently the New York State Chapter of The Young Lords Organization. Subsequent to scrutinizing the Spanish Harlem people group on what the most problem that is begging to be addressed was, they heard la basura (trash) again and again. The New York City Department of Sanitation at the time was all white and didn't see the point in tidying the lanes or getting refuse in the ghetto, so for quite a long time at a time they left Puerto Rican neighborhoods spoiling and foulness ridden. The Young Lords Organization went to the Sanitation office to approach them for brushes and scoops so they could clean the region themselves however were denied. They snatched the brushes and scoops, shouted that they would return them and ran. The YLO including Juan Gonzales and Felipe Luciano cleared the lanes and put all the trash in sacks, just for no sanitation to get it seven days after the fact. This continued for two additional weeks with increasingly more of the network participate on the cleaning, with no sanitation getting the trash. At last, following a month of no waste evacuation, it was totally accumulated into the center of the road blocking vehicle and transport traffic and set ablaze. The YLO assumed if the transports couldn’t move NYC couldn't bring in cash and they would need to get the trash. Presently firemen needed to come put out the fire, and police needed to come examine, sanitation despite everything needed to expel the flotsam and jetsam to open up traffic all since they wouldn't do it previously. This went on consistently on a great many squares until sanitation began going ahead a standard premise, this was known as the East Harlem Garbage Offensive. Since the Young Lords were known all through el barrio, youthful Puerto Ricans were rushing to join the YLO. African Americans, Cubans, Dominicans, Mexicans, and different Latinos additionally joined. They were laborers, understudies, jobless, and Vietnam War veterans. Pablo Guzman, their Minister of data, recommended they have their center standards composed and sketched out for all to peruse. There was just one issue which was remedied, point number ten initially said â€Å"Machismo must be progressive, not oppressive†, however after some conversation it was concurred that Machismo is abusive so it was changed. The 13 point program peruses as follows: The Young Lords Party is a Revolutionary Political Party Fighting for the Liberation of All Oppressed People (Corrected Version) 1. We need self-assurance for Puerto RicansLiberation of the Island and inside the United States. For a long time, first spain and afterward US have colonized our nation. Billions of dollars in benefits leave our nation for the US consistently. All around we are captives of the gringo. We need freedom and th e Power in the hands of the People, not Puerto Rican exploiters. Que Viva Puerto Rico Libre! 2. We need self-assurance for all Latinos. Our Latin Brothers and Sisters, inside and outside the US, are mistreated by amerikkkan business. The Chicano individuals constructed the Southwest, and we bolster their entitlement to control their lives and their property. The individuals of Santo Domingo keep on battling against gringo mastery and its manikin commanders. The equipped freedom battles in Latin America are a piece of the war of Latinos against colonialism. Que Viva La Raza! 3. We need freedom of all third world individuals. Similarly as Latins previously slaved under spain and the yanquis, Black individuals, Indians, and Asians slaved to construct the abundance of this nation. For a long time they have battled for opportunity and respect against bigot Babylon (debauched domain). Third World individuals have driven the battle for opportunity. All the hued and mistreated people groups of the world are one country under persecution. No Puerto Rican Is Free Until All People Are Free! 4. We are progressive patriots and contradict bigotry. The Latin, Black, Indian and Asian individuals inside the u. s. re provinces battling for freedom. We realize that washington, divider road and city lobby will attempt to make our patriotism into prejudice; however Puerto Ricans are all things considered and we oppose bigotry. A huge number of poor white individuals are ascending to request opportunity and we bolster them. These are the ones in the u. s. that are stepped on by the guidelines and the administration. We each sort out our kin, however our battles are against a similar mistreatment and we will vanquish it together. Capacity To All Oppressed People! 5. We need fairness for ladies. Down with machismo and male chauvanism. Under free enterprise, ladies have been mistreated by both society and our men. The principle of machismo has been utilized by men to take out their dissatisfaction on spouses, sisters, moms, and kids. Men must battle alongside sisters I the battle for financial and social uniformity and must perceive that sisters make up over portion of the progressive armed force: sister and siblings are rises to battling for our kin. Forward Sisters in the Struggle! 6. We need network control of our foundations and land. We need control of our networks by our kin and projects to ensure that all establishments serve the necessities of our kin. People groups control of police, wellbeing administrations, places of worship, schools, lodging, transportation and government assistance are required. We need a conclusion to assaults on our territory by urban expulsion, roadway demolition, colleges and companies. Land Belongs To All The People! 7. We need genuine instruction of our Creole culture and Spanish language. We should gain proficiency with our history of battling against social, just as financial massacre by the yanqui. Progressive culture, culture of our kin, is the main genuine educating. 8. We restrict business people and partnerships with deceivers. Puerto Rican rulers, or manikins of the oppressor, don't support our kin. They are paid by the framework to lead our kin down obscured rear entryways, much the same as the a huge number of neediness pimps who keep our networks serene for business, or the road laborers who keep packs partitioned and overwhelming one another. We need a general public where the individuals socialistically control their work. Venceremos! 9. We contradict the Amerikkkan military. We request prompt withdrawal of u. . military powers and bases from Puerto Rico, Vietnam and every abused network inside and outside the u. s. No Puerto Rican should serve in the u. s. armed force against his Brothers and Sisters, for the main genuine armed force of mistreated individuals is the people groups armed force to battle all rulers. U. S. Out Of Vietnam, Free Puerto Rico! 10. We need op portunity for every single political detainee. We need all Puerto Ricans liberated on the grounds that they have been attempted by the bigot courts of the colonizers, and not by their own kin and companions. We need all political dissidents discharged from prison. Free All Political Prisoners! 11. We are internationalists. Our kin are indoctrinated by TV, radio, papers, schools, and books to restrict individuals in different nations battling for their opportunity. No longer will our kin accept assaults and criticisms, since they have realized who the genuine foe is and who their genuine companions are. We will safeguard our Brothers and Sisters around the globe who battle for equity against the rich leaders of this nation. Que Viva Che Guevara! 12. We accept equipped self-protection and furnished battle are the main way to freedom. We are against violencethe savagery of hungry youngsters, unskilled grown-ups, sick elderly folks individuals, and the viciousness of neediness and benefit. We have asked, requested, gone to courts, showed calmly, and decided in favor of lawmakers loaded with void guarantees. In any case, we still aint free. The opportunity has arrived to protect the lives of our kin against restraint and for progressive war against the businessperson, legislator, and police. At the point when an administration abuses our kin, we reserve the privilege to nullify it and make another one. Boricua Is Awak

Caterpillar Essay Example

Caterpillar Essay Government. Ultimately, it is significant in light of the fact that improves the companys noteworthiness and furthermore its main concern. Caterpillar utilizes four objectives inside its structure-respectability, duty, greatness, and cooperation. 3. What job do pioneers play in molding Caterpillars hierarchical culture? 4. Since Caterpillar highly esteems esteem creation, the pioneers assume a crucial job in demonstrating; setting the ideal model and showing others how its done. Since the desires are so high, Caterpillar needs to make its qualities separated of regular culture. I Away is it hard to change a companys authoritative culture, and in what capacity would management be able to know when a lasting change has effectively happened? 5. It Is hard to change a companys association culture since representatives are frequently stale in their proactive job at work, colleagues have gotten tied up with past objectives to progress inside the organization, or on the grounds that, as Its In human instinct, individuals don't care for change and will be cautious since they arent certain about the likely arrangement. A supervisory crew will realize that a change was effective by the costive atmosphere of representatives, great observation from outside sources, and the benefit development of the changed variable. 6. What might be the most upsetting vocation stage? Why? 7. I accept the most unpleasant profession stage Is foundation. At the point when I Initially entered the work drive It was totally unpleasant and frightening. I was startled! Regardless of whether you have a higher education, a relevant accreditation, some school credits, or Just a secondary school recognition, finding your Identity as a working individual Is troublesome and represents an extraordinary weight We will compose a custom exposition test on Caterpillar explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Caterpillar explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Caterpillar explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer In concluding how to approach settling on vertical profession choices. 8. What kinds of stresses drove you to settle on this decision? 9. A definitive anxieties, pressure, causes a wide range of rash enthusiastic and physical choices that set the pace for either that second or makes the establishment that construct accomplishment In ones life. Caterpillar By gingersnaps 1 . What story does the board at Caterpillar describe as a method for imparting utilizes the account of the School Bus Project, Embark, to relate the way they I Away is it hard to change a companys authoritative culture, and by what means can 5. It is hard to change a companys association culture since representatives are frequently stale in their proactive job at work, colleagues have become tied up with past objectives to progress inside the organization, or in light of the fact that, as its in human instinct, individuals don't care for change and will be cautious since they field certain about the most upsetting profession stage is foundation. At the point when I at first entered the work compel it finding your way of life as a working individual is troublesome and represents an extraordinary weight in concluding how to approach settling on vertical profession choices. 8. What kinds of fabricate accomplishment in ones life.

Wards Model Essay Example Pdf - Free Essay Example

In their book- Corporate Financial Strategy-(CFS), Bender and ward (1995) had tried to build closer links between finance and strategy. Dealing first with CFS, it should not be considered with corporate finance as the discipline addresses a range of issues which interconnects finance and competitive strategies. In the book, they based their model with the product life cycle (PLC) by matching external sources of finance to strategies for corporate development throughout the life cycle of a company and composed financial elements mainly venture capital, debt, dividend, profit, P/E, and risk into the model. In their model, they tried to describe each stage of the PLC and the effects on these financial elements throughout the stages of the company life cycle and described in details how to raise finance throughout the company life cycle and whether to pay dividend or retain earnings etc. In this article, the main purpose is to analyse each stage of their model and how these stages have effects on these elements and evaluate the model in terms of its strength and weaknesses and recommendations if any to improve the model. Bender and Wards model The use of the PLC concept as a framework to formulate and implement timely financial strategies can be justified in bender and wards model of CFS as they have adopted the same curve as PLC where the main objective is to ensure overall company profitability and maximize shareholders wealth over the life cycle. In their model, they describe optimal financial decisions that a company should take at various stages of the company life cycle (CLC). The PLC concept has an essential impact on companys strategy in different areas such as finance. The basic issue Ward and Bender explained through their book- is that there are loads of finance textbooks, which explain the theory and put it into some sort of context, but there did not seem to be anything that said look this is what you actually do, and this is why you do it. They started the model with defining the risk in two ways- financial risk and business risk. By financial risk, in the model it specifically means the amount of borro wing a company has in its capital structure. So, if a company has a lot of borrowing then it is taking on a lot of financial risk; if it has no borrowing or gearing at all, then it has got no financial risk. And that way it is easy because it means that business risk is everything else, but business risk really is what it says. In their model, the business risk refers to the volatility of profits and cash flows of a company and that is going to depend on whether it is a younger company or a mature company, what sort of industry it is in and how susceptible it is to the economic cycle. Moreover, to connect the strategy and financial, they put emphasize on the importance of P/E ratio which represents the ratio of current share price to its earnings per share (EPS), where high P/E ratio represents the high potential for growth in future. According to their model, at the beginning stage, venture capital is the main source of financing the operations in any company and will remain the main source of funding until the company will start heading towards the maturity stage. According to the model, at the launch stage, the business risk is so high because of the product risk in the new market and low operating income (or some time even suffering losses), so to create the balance it with the financial risk the company should not borrow to keep the financial risk low. Static trade-off theory also supports the opinion that a firm in growth stage should not finance with debt because of the high bankruptcy cost. There is also no benefit in tax with expenditure of interest because of their low revenue. Moreover if a company try to finance it business with debt at the launch stage it might lose the opportunity to increase its revenue or minimizes its losses as it has to pay interest on the fund acquired through debt. And when the company is unknown and the business risk is high at this stage and it is likely that company might suffer initial losses, borrowing does not soun d an attracting option for funding as it will create an imbalance between financial risk and business risk. And also at this stage, according to the model, it is wise no to pay dividend as company has not sufficient earnings to pay out. Ward also mention that at this stage the P/E ration of the company is normally high because of the low earning per share (EPS). Even at the growth stage the company is still facing high business risk as it has to pay promotional expenses for increasing the sales. At this stage company can enter in to small stock market to raise their equity from the broader range of equity investors and keep the level of its financial risk still low. Despite of that many companies still fail to manage the rapid growth sales, so it is wise not to go for borrowing at this stage as well and finance should be taken from capital market in the form of equity and by retaining the profit of the company and company should pay small dividend to keep the investors interest i n the company (Bender Ward, 2003). Capital structure may be influenced by the firms life stages, as needs for funds may change with the changing circumstances of the firms from equity to cheap source of financing that is debt (Bender Ward, 1993). It is not always advisable for mature company to only use equity financing therefore, company should use debt financing in order to balance companys finance and business risk in particular circumstances during the maturity stage. Damodaran (2001) also proposed that expanding and high-growth firms would finance themselves primarily with equity mostly through venture capital and when it enters in the maturity stage, the funding would be replaced by debt. Likewise in the Bender and Ward model also, as the company progress towards the maturity, the business risk tends to reduces and at this stage, company can think of taking the advantage of borrowed money from the market to decrease its cost of equity by the mean of cheap debt. As company moves from equity to debt financing, its financial risk gradually increases as it uses more and more debt financing. Since the potential opportunity for growth is low, the money is not working hard in the business and now company should start to repay the invested amount to its shareholders in form of dividends. Now at the declining stage, company knows that what is going to happen, so here it should use debt financing for the business activities because the business risk is low at this stage. Dividend should increase to its maximum level at this stage as the opportunity for growth is very low. At this stage, the principle source of finance that is debt is associated with high financial risk, which offsets the low business. Critical Evaluation of the Model Looking from the practicality of the model, Bender and Ward model seems very attractive and guides company how, when and by what mean to raise money. Nevertheless, what about the companies (industry) which are already at the maturity stage. However, their model finds difficulty to answer this question, as these mature companies want growth. Their model simply adopts the PLC model and extended it to company life cycle. Another consideration about their model is that the PLC is not following the classical mode of theorising and since their model is based on PLC, the weaknesses of the PLC can also affect their model (Sion 2012). It is not clear that the PLC is a concept, theory, model or framework? Management only looks for the practicality of the model but what is the underlying theory behind that which is missing in bender and wards model. It is also not necessary that all the companies go through all the stages of the life cycle. It is not unusual for product to gain second life or even reincarnation that can help companies to progress from maturity stage not to decline or death but to fresh period of repaid growth. And now a day, many companies borrow money from the financial institutes as they are the cheap sources of financing and government also provides financial support for companies to start the business and encourage them for borrowing and also help the mature companies or industries to bring them back to the growth track. There is also a lot of confusion about the fact that what kind of evidence can prove the model. There are number of mature companies who have no dividend which is against their model. It is also not clear that what kind of hypothesis can prove or disprove the model. Moreover, the model is over emphasized on finance and give relatively low importance to the strategy thus difficulties can be found to interlink finance and strategy. In addition, the concept of value is also not very defined in their model; however, they came very close to define the value in their model. For linking strategy and finance together, value can be considered the main concept that is required to interlink these two disciplines. However, their model gives more weight to finance and thus it misses the link with strategy. The value is behind their model but they did not realize the actual value, which arises from the consumption of the financial resources and utility. The model is developed by using PLC idea but there are many other strategic theories like porters five force, value chain, generic strategy which are well defined in terms of value and can help to interlink finance and strategy together. One of the limitations of the PLC is that it cannot predict the length of the each stage of the life cycle and also cannot forecast the sales accurately. Although the PLC stages concept provides the manager directions about the changes of characteristics of companies and diagnosis tool to direct the company to reach and keep their b est life stage. However the limitation of the model is that it is not clear that when and how a company should raise the money as the model fails to predict the length of each stage and as a result company cannot clearly decide when the best time to use debt funding is. The PLC also assumes that the entire product passes through these four stages of the life cycle. If this is correct then the company must enter to decline stage after the maturity stage and company usually wants to avoid this stage. In reality, as said earlier, a product can rebirth after the maturity stage and can avoid the decline stage by improving the quality of the product and thus it can again enter in the growth stage. Another possibility is that a product may perform so badly at the launch stage because of the poor marketing strategy and thus it straight away move towards the declining stage of the life cycle. And bender and ward has applied the same concept of PLC in their model, so these limitations of PLC are directly affecting their model. In addition to these, another criticism against their model comes from the MM theory developed by Modigliani and Miller (1958). According to their theory, borrowing can help small companies to grow rapidly as borrowing supports the sales increase and consequently the growth of the company. They argued that the change in debt-equity ratio will not affect the value of the company and as a company increases its debt the overall cost of equity tends to decreases and shareholders bear higher risk due to the increased possibility of the bankruptcy. Also the agency problem is missing in Bender and Ward model. In their model it is not clear who controls the company, managers who are the agents or the shareholders who are the source of financing at the launch and maturity stage? And one of the important criticisms against their model is risk. In their model the business risk is keep on declining as the company progresses to maturity and decline so the q uestion arises here is that what motives company to proceed to decline stage? It is not clear in their model. Although there are lots of limitation for the model, Bender and Ward are the first one who came with the concept to link finance and strategy together, and it is impossible for any model to meet out all the necessary criteria in the relevant field of research. Despite of that, there are also lots of advantages of their model. The interesting thing about the model is that it is very simple to understand and managers can use it easily to grow their business and change the financial sources for the company over the stages of the organization life cycle. The model gives crucial weight to venture capital for any company as it is the best way of financing the new business at the launch and maturity stage which keeps the balance between business and financial risk and when the company is in mature stage it can use debt funding. Adding to this, their model clearly identifies the high risk of borrowing and kept risk grounded to the firm level, which can help to company to avoid the credit crisis. Frielinghaus, Moster and Firer (2005) also conclude that capital structure life stage asserts that more debt should be utilised by firms as they mature, but they also have mentioned that there is a little test has been done to test this model empirically. It also helps people to understand the difference between junior and major stock markets which will help them to guide in their financial decision. Although the model is not tested against the evidence so far, it can be tested against the real situation of the companies in the stock markets. Porters budge Others might still give the importance to the simplicity of the model and will criticise the model, however, complexities can be built into the model. An important step in improving the model is taken by Sion by introducing the porters bulge derived using the porters five forces model. Many companies who are at the growth stage want to remain at this stage for longer period. But the potential high growth attracts entry and rivalry in the industry which can shake out the present companys life cycle and that is where the PLC and Porters five force model can be combined together to improve the model. In porters bulge, Sion introduced three new stages in the life cycle of a company by taking into account the industry in which a company operates, shaping between growth and maturity stage which are new entries, rivalry and shake-out. The five-force model will help to compare bender and ward model and can bring different point of view which can affect the company at the growth stage. A t the growth stage, the industry attracts the potential entrants and that can cause the market share of a company. At this stage, a company might experience slow but positive growth in sale, no growth in sale or a negative growth in sale and then accelerates with rapid pace depending on the rivalry increased because of the new entrants. At this stage a company will face stifle decline earlier in the life cycle but with the help of differentiation or new product introduction or developing alternative use of the old product can help the company to avoid the initial decline stage (porters bulge) in their sales. The introduction of revitalized product will smoothen the porters bulge. This idea of Sion is supported by the from the real world as many growing companies continuously keep on spending on the research and development to introduce new product every year to remain in the growth stage for longer period of time. But the problem with this is that competitors might also follow th e same trend and some time the company which is not able to compete in this kind of environment will straight away face the declining stage before the maturity period of the life cycle because of the shakeout in the industry. Another concern is that the five-force model assumes the neoclassic economics and perfect market which are not robust enough the present financial situations (crisis). It isolates the finance from the capital market, business and accounting. Conclusion The points Bender and Ward are trying to pull out very simply are that one can take a life cycle model of the company and can correlate what business risk and financial risk looks like over the life cycle, adjusting it for the type of business that the company is in. And say in these early stages company need equity it doesnt matter that debt is cheap, it need equity and this is what dividend policy should be and this is the type of investments it should be making and this is how it should be funding them. And then the message, as move through the life cycle and through the book, is company can make it more complex after this, but the only reason for complexity is if it benefits company rather than its investment bank. Its basically a practical guide to corporate finance for people who do understand a little bit of the theory. Their model also explains what the corporate financial strategy is all about and how a company should raise money throughout the life cycle of the company a nd how it should apply the money within the business. The link between Bender and Ward model and Porters five-force model can also help to connect the finance and strategy as these two models are interconnected with each other. To further evaluate the model, it will be required to analyse the number of companies where the focus should mainly be on the launching and growing companies to test the practicality of the model. This will help to fully understand the model from both qualitative and quantitative. Words count: 3039

Last of The Mohicans - English Literature Dissertations - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 15 Words: 4566 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? Introduction Racial issues occupy the principal place in American Literature due to the prolonged racial relations between Native Americans and European colonizers. The aim of this dissertation is to compare and contrast the issue of miscegenation through the principal characters of James Fenimore Coopers The Last of the Mohicans and Catharine Maria Sedgwicks Hope Leslie. The word miscegenation, which consists of two parts miscere and genus and means a sexual racial mixture, appeared only at the end of the nineteenth century; however, this word is usually utilised in the analysis of earlier literary works.. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Last of The Mohicans English Literature Dissertations" essay for you Create order Applying to a profound and realistic portrayal of gender and racial relations between Native Americans and white people in the period of Indian and French Wars, Cooper and Sedgwick introduce their own vision of Indians, implicitly maintaining the idea that miscegenation should be prohibited. In this regard, these writers reflect the existing political and social issues that shaped the attitude of white people towards Native Americans. In particular, at the end of the seventeenth century some American states passed specific laws that were aimed at forbidding miscegenation and depriving people of different races, except white population, of their political rights, violating the principles of equality. On the one hand, miscegenation might decrease the differences between two races, but, on the other hand, it was thought to aggravate these dissimilarities by removing people from their usual background and by preventing them to integrate into the new environment. According to Robert Clark (1984), Americas vision of itself was in large measure the projection of an ideal and about-to-be-realized condition, rather than an appropriation of the past in the name of reason (p.46). As a result, America became involved in complex racial tensions and conflicts that were especially negative for Native Americans. This was the main reason for Coopers and Sedgwicks rejection of miscegenation. But in the process of colonization Europeans continued to interact with Native Americans, and these interactions usually resulted in race mixtures that were further reflected in American literature. Some people made attempts to support miscegenation by pointing at the fact that such interracial relations could provide both races with necessary freedom and would allow white females to reveal their sexual desires towards males of different races. However, the existing racial prejudices and social stereotypes against miscegenation not only prevented the spread of such vision among the majority of American population, but also greatly influenced the representation of Native Americans in the nineteenth-century fiction. Being closely connected with political and social ideologies, this fiction was divided into two parts: some novels tried to maintain the status quo, as is just the case with the narrations of Sedgwick and Cooper, while other literary works pointed at the necessity of social changes. Gender relations and miscegenation in the novels America is the country that has united people of different races since the period of colonization. However, in the process of interaction colonizers made constant attempts to destroy cultural and religious beliefs of Native Americans. According to Arthur M. Schlesinger (1992), when people of different ethnic origins, speaking different languages and professing different religions, settle in the same geographic locality tribal hostilities will drive them apart (p.10). The indigenous population of the country wanted to preserve their cultural identity and opposed to the ideals of white people. Such refusal resulted in many racial conflicts and had a great impact on the attitude of White Americans towards the issue of miscegenation. In patriarchal America any relations between a white woman and a Native American were strongly prohibited, and, as Martin Barker (1993) states, it is this running concern about miscegenation with its connected fears about interracial sexual attraction that leads to death (p.27). In those times it was thought that if a person was engaged in sexual relations with a person of a different race, then both people should be killed in order to prevent the spread of miscegenation. Such complex racial relations and rejection of miscegenation are especially reflected in the novels of James Fenimore Cooper The Last of the Mohicans and Catharine Maria Sedgwick Hope Leslie. As Stephanie Wardrop (1997) puts it, Coopers The Last of the Mohicans presents a world in which the mixing of races is morally repugnant and anathema to the American project of nation building (p.61). Throughout the narration Fenimore Cooper contrasts people with mixed and unmixed blood, as if wishing to reveal the differences between the characters of various races. Despite the fact that Hawkeye is culturally connected with both white people and Indians, he is presented as a person without a cross (Cooper, 1984 p.4). The same regards Alice Munro who is surprisingly fair (Cooper, 1984 p.378) and Chingachgook who is an unmixed Mohican. Contrary to these characters, Cora, the elder sister of Alice, is of mixed race, and it is she who protects her sister at the cost of her life. Belonging to the race of West Indians, Cora comes from that unfortunate class who are so basely enslaved to administer to the wants of a luxurious people (Cooper, 1984 p.310), and thus, she is prohibited to marry a person from the South. In this regard, miscegenation was treated as blameworthy in those times, and when Magua proposes Cora to marry him, she claims that the thought itself is worse than a thousand deaths (Cooper, 1984 p.124). These words prove that only Uncas and Chingachgook are presented as noble people, while all other Native Americans are regarded as cruel savages. Thats why miscegenation between a white person and an Indian was widely restricted. Although Catharine Sedgwicks Hope Leslie also reveals this restriction, she points at the possibility of miscegenation between some secondary characters. Contrary to Cooper, the writer provides a rather humane vision of Native Americans. Faith, the sister of Leslie Hope, manages to marry Oneco, the brother of a Pequoud princess Magawisca. According to Leland Person (1985), Sedgwick belongs to those American female authors who in their novels reflect how an Indian male, reverential and loving rather than possessive and authoritarian, offers a romantic contrast to the arbitrary authority of Puritan society (p.683). This can be also true in regard to Coopers narration, where the writer introduces such Indian character as Uncas with noble features and attractiveness. However, similar to Magawisca who is not able to become a wife of Everell and instead she has to regard him as her brother (Sedgwick, 1987 p.30), Uncas is also prohibited to marry Cora. Due to serious racial prejudices, Magawisca is an inappropriate match to Everell, while Hope Leslie suits for the position of Everells wife. By the end of the narration the writer shows that any marriage should be based on love, as Magawisca claims, Ye need not the lesson, ye will each be to the other a full stream of happiness. May it be fed from the fountain of love, and grow broader and deeper through all the passage of life (Sedgwick, 1987 p.333). Thus, the writer proves that some Native Americans possess wisdom and nobility; however, they are not able to unite with European Americans. Magawisca is rejected by both societies, as Wardrop (1997) claims, from the white for her association by blood with savages and from the Pequod for her association with the whites that leads her to rescue Everell (p.64). Magawisca saves the person she loves at the cost of her own rejection and isolation, but she is not able to marry him. Similar to Sedgwicks women, female characters of Cooper are divided into those who can be married and those who cannot (Baym, 1992 p.20). In this regard, racial and cultural differences are aggravated by gender stereotypes that put women in subordinate positions and make them act in accordance with the existing social and moral norms. On the example of their female characters Sedgwick and Cooper reveal that women are prohibited any freedom and equality, especially concerning their choice of marital partners. Those women, who prefer to ignore racial prejudices and assigned roles, are either rejected by society or die. This is especially true in regard to Magawisca and Cora who try to act, according to their moral values, but their attempts result in negative consequences for both women. But, above all, these women are appreciated for their racial characteristics. Alices racial purity is explained by her pure unmixed blood, while Cora, being a daughter of a Creole woman and a British soldier, is regarded as sinful. Implicitly opposing to miscegenation, Cooper prefers to kill Uncas, Cora and Magua in order to prevent an unsuitable marriage. As Terence Martin (1992) states, Fenimore Cooper cannot conceive of a marriage between the daughter of Major Munro, no matter her background, and an Indian, no matter how noble (p.63). The writer eliminates these relations, thus revealing his support for pure, unmixed marriages. As a child of miscegenation, Cora is unsuitable for both white and Indian worlds. According to Wardrop (1997), Earlier Indian romances seem to present the hero more often as half-blood, perhaps mitigating the taboo of miscegenation somewhat by presenting a hero who is at least half white (p.73). But it is the character with unmixed blood that becomes popular in further romantic literature. Although Maria Sedgwick points at the possibility of miscegenation, she still considers it inappropriate in the majority of cases. Similar to Cora, Sedgwicks character Magawisca appears to be banished from both societies, but the writer presents a more sympathetic view of both Native Americans and women concentrate[ing] more on the domestic and interpersonal than the martial [issues] (Wardrop, 1997 p.63). Cora and Magawisca are powerful and unusual women with many virtues; however, they suffer as a result of their parents miscegenation. According to John McWilliams (1995), Cora is one of those characters who show us both the limitations of societys racial and gender boundaries and the dangers of stepping over them (p.74). Cooper considers that Coras marriage to Uncas would be a threat to the existence of both societies, therefore the writer appears to have believed in the purity of the races (Barker Sabin, 1995, p.21). Their deaths are presented by Cooper as the only possible outcome, because it is better for them to die than to be rejected by their own societies. As Barker (1993) reveals, in this novel the twin deaths of Uncas and Cora prevent the reality of interracial sex with the disappearance of the Mohicans (p.27). Applying to these characters, Cooper points at the fact that miscegenation between White Americans and Native Americans is impossible, until the indigenous population adheres to the cultural and social norms of the colonizers and destroys their culture. On the other hand, the writer suggests that Cora and Uncas will be connected with each other after death, while Hawkeye opposes to this view by claiming that the spirit of the paleface has no need of food or raiment their gifts being according to the heaven of their colour (Cooper, 1984 p.346). Contrary to some other characters, Hawkeye rises against miscegenation and considers that there is no ideal bond of union (Cooper, 1984 p.348) that would result in mutual cooperation between different races. The marriage of Alice and Duncan, persons with pure blood, symbolises the subsequent spread of unmixed marriages, while the death of Uncas, the last of the Mohicans, reveals the gradual disappearance of Native Americans and the power of civilised society. As sagamore Tamenund claims at the end of the narration, The pale-faces are masters of the earth, and the time of the red-men has not yet come again (Cooper, 1984 p.350). The inability of Cora and Uncas to marry because of racial prejudices points at moral disintegration of American population. Their deaths reveal that miscegenation is considered wrong by both white people and Indians, resulting in the impossibility to achieve peace and mutual support. However, love between Uncas and Cora shows that racial prejudices are able to separate people, but they are unable to eliminate powerful feelings. The same regards Everell and Magawisca who experience certain attraction to each other, but who realise that their desires should be eliminated because of cultural and racial differences. Therefore, Sedgwick reveals that cultures control peoples lives, depriving them of the possibility to follow their own paths, because culture is connected with both private and public spheres. As a result, both Cooper and Sedgwick discuss miscegenation through political and social contexts, pointing at the fact that the relations between two races are considerably complicated by the occurred events and the established standards. As a result, such character as Hawkeye opposes to both races, claiming that to me every native, who speaks a foreign tongue, is accounted an enemy, though he may pretend to serve the king! (Cooper, 1984 p.50). He doesnt belong to either society and he doesnt believe in the possibility of miscegenation. To some extent, such viewpoint can be explained by the fact that when a person of one race integrates with a person of another race, he/she takes part in either assimilation or acculturation. However, in many cases miscegenation is mainly based on sexual mixture between people of different races, but not on cultural mixture. As a result, people are rejected by their own society and are not accepted by another society. This is just the case with Cora and Magawisca who are not allowed to be engaged in sexual relations with males of different races, because their cultures prevent them from the mixture with each other. Both Sedgwick and Cooper demonstrate that the existing stereotypes reflect the ideas of cultural purity that are closely connected with racial purity. Such vision is rather paradoxical, because even the purest race is certainly a mixture race, but White Americans prefer to ignore this particular fact, making constant attempts to achieve dominance over Native Americans. In this regard, it is easier to understand Sedgwicks and Coopers attitude towards miscegenation. Cora, as a child of two races, is considered less pure in comparison with Alice, because Cora is an embodiment of two bloods and two cultures, and it is this particular mixture that White Americans tried to prevent. They did not want to be assimilated with another culture, because in that case they would lose their dominant position over the indigenous population. In addition, such attitude was considerable shaped by political ideologies of those times; opposing to miscegenation, American rulers tried to prohibit any social changes within the country and simultaneously they utilized racial tensions and conflicts for their own benefits. It is obvious that miscegenation was a threat to the existence of white supremacy, because it eliminated specifically inspired differences between two races. The attitude towards miscegenation was also aggravated by the fact that it provided people of mixing blood with those features that were prohibited by American society. Cora greatly differs from her half-sister Alice; Cora is more powerful and independent than Alice. The same concerns Magawisca, a rather strong and wise female who takes her own decisions, which are consistent with her moral values. In this regard, women began to occupy an equal position with men or were even superior to them, and such changes couldnt be easily accepted in the patriarchal world. Miscegenation allowed women to reveal their sexual desires towards males of another race and become more independent; however, natural instincts were a norm only for men, while women were not considered to experience powerful sexual desires. It was thought unnatural for a white woman to feel compassion or love towards an Indian or a black person, and vice versa. Despite the fact that Cora is a half-Indian, she is brought up among people of white culture, thus she is prohibited to marry an Indian Uncas. Magawisca is also deprived of the opportunity to marry Everell, as Sedgwick points out that love relations between Magawisca and Everall are impossible and unnatural because of their cultural and racial differences, while the relations between Hope Leslie and Everall are natural. Miscegenation reflects the mixture of two races, of two cultures, one of which is the culture of the colonizer and another is the culture of the indigene. Thus, miscegenation was especially connected with female sexuality that was widely controlled by the state to prevent undesirable inheritance. However, women who couldnt achieve equal positions with men in political and social spheres began to readily support miscegenation. But in their novels Cooper and Sedgwick reveal that their attempts are vain; almost all female characters that interact with people of different races lose at the end. Many females understood people of other races, because their positions were similar; women, like Indians and black people, were regarded as inferior to men and they usually experienced suppression and humiliation. For women, miscegenation was the way to destroy subjugation and overcome social stereotypes. Although Magawisca is prohibited to marry Everall, her attraction towards him helps Magawisca to understand many important things and save this character at the cost of her own reputation. Cora prefers to die rather than marry a person whom she abhors. But despite such courage and independence, these female characters continue to experience social and cultural pressure that deprives them of the opportunity to choose their own path. However, the situation is different in regard to Alice, who not only survives at the end of the narration, but she is also going to marry Duncan and create another family with pure blood. The same regards Everall and Hope Leslie who finally unite with each other. Although initially Hope finds it difficult to accept a marriage of her sister Faith with a person of a different race, because she doesnt believe that Faith loves Oneco, she soon realises her mistake and agrees with her sisters choice of a marriage partner. In fact, Hope Leslie is a female character who rejects the existing social, cultural and religious norms and who is constantly blamed for her lack of passiveness, that, next to godliness, is a womans best virtue (Sedgwick, 1987 p.153). People with whom Hope Leslie interacts are not able to understand her independence, including Everell. As one female character tells Hope, you do allow yourself too much liberty of thought and word: you certainly know that we owe implicit deference to our elders and superiors; we ought to be guided by their advice, and governed by their authority (Sedgwick, 1987 p.180). However, Hope proves to be the best Christian who is able to follow her heart, even if she has to reject some religious principles to save her family and friends. Destroying certain social norms, Magawisca and Hope simultaneously ignore oversimplified assumptions in regard to people of different race. As McWilliams (1995) puts it, white culture was regarded as civilized in those times, while the culture of Native Americans was considered as savage (52-53). Thus, according to this particular viewpoint, two cultures could hardly successfully interact with each other. However, Sedgwick rises against this stereotypic vision. Close relations between Magawisca and Hope, women of different races and cultures, point at the possibility of one culture to exist with another culture. Despite the fact that Magawiscas race and religious faith differ from her own beliefs and culture, Hope is unaffected by the existing stereotypes of the seventeenth century and is able to overcome them, if she has to do so for the sake of her family. But the writer reveals that Hope still finds it difficult to interact with other Indians. The situation is different with Hopes sister Faith who is captured by indigenous people and is brought up with them. As a result, she marries an Indian Oneco and becomes greatly involved in the Indian culture. In this regard, miscegenation of these secondary characters is rather successful, because Faith changes her white culture and Christian religion into Indian culture and Catholic religion. She rejects her people and decides to live with Indians. However, other characters of the novel refuse to accept another culture and strongly oppose to miscegenation. Mrs. Grafton represents a stereotypic female who acts precisely, according to the established social norms, and who avoids any interactions with different races. For her, miscegenation is unnatural and wrong. Esther Downing is obsessed with her religion and is very subordinate to males, but she rightfully considers that marriage is not essential to the contentment, the dignity, or the happiness of a woman (Sedgwick, 1987 p.371). Similar to Mrs. Grafton, Esther avoids any contacts with people of different races and she meets Magawisca only when she attempts to convert this Indian female into Christianity. Esther opposes to any race mixture and doesnt believe that two different cultures can exist together. Opposite to these docile female characters, Magawisca is presented as a woman that rises against any cultural and racial prejudices of the seventeenth century. She possesses many virtues and tries to achieve equal position with males. Although Magawisca realises that miscegenation and racial relations are rejected by white people, she reveals devotion to some members of white culture. Nelema is another female character who, despite her anger towards the Puritans, provides help to Cradock at the cost of her life. Unlike other characters, Everell manages to maintain good relations with both Indians and his own people, but he is especially devoted to Magawisca. Though they belong to different cultures, they are very close to each other, because they ignore their racial differences. Unfortunately, miscegenation between these characters is still impossible because of the social pressure and the existing stereotypes that prevail in their societies. In Sedgwicks Hope Leslie miscegenation appears to be a powerful obstacle for the characters. Throughout the narration Everell interacts with three women Hope Leslie, Magawisca and Esther. Two of them are white, and the third woman is an Indian princess. Although Hope and Magawisca are similar in their views and values, although Magawisca saves Everell and is admired by this white male, Everell chooses Hope Leslie as his wife, being unable to perceive Magawisca as an appropriate marriage partner. Everells nature rejects her; despite admiration and desires, he is not able to establish close relations with a woman of a different race. As he claims, I might have loved her might have forgotten that nature had put barriers between us (Sedgwick, 1987 p.214). However, Everell is not able to overcome his own prejudices towards a person of another culture; these prejudices are too powerful and they continue to implicitly create barriers between Everell and Magawisca. Thus, racial mixture in Sedgwicks narration greatly depends on the possibility or impossibility of people to destroy the natural barriers. According to Person (1985), for a person who is brought up in a civilized society, it is rather difficult, even impossible, to get accustomed to the uncivilized culture of Indians, and vice versa (pp.680-682). In this regard, biological differences are not as important as cultural differences. Although Cora is half-Indian and Uncas is Indian, they are brought in different cultural environments and they are not able to marry because of these differences. Despite the fact that Hope and Faith are sisters and belong to one race, they appear to be separated by various conditions of their upbringing. The same concerns Magawisca and Everell who understand that their marriage is impossible. The marriage between Everell and Hope or Alice and Duncan is considered normal, because in these relations the characters are equal to each other. However, there is a great difference between the relations of these two pairs of white people. In the case of Alice and Duncan, the characters adhere to the traditional representation of a family, where a wife is inferior to her husband, while in the case of Hope and Everell, their union is based on the principles of equality and freedom. On the other hand, both pairs are culturally identical to each other, while miscegenation was considered as a sexual mixture of two people with different cultures. It was thought that it was impossible to create a strong family only on sexual relations; in those times cultural and religious similarities were regarded more crucial for a normal family than sex. As Calloway (1987) claims, any mixed relations were exposed to the threat of becoming degenerated (p.117). And children who appeared as a result of such relations couldnt live in the world of white people. However, if a person of different race agreed to convert to Christianity, a marriage between a white person and an Indian could be accepted by American society. Under these complex conditions, such characters as Magawisca and Everell, Cora and Uncas understand that their relations with each other will fail as soon as they interact with the rest of the world. Conclusion Analysing the issue of miscegenation through the characters of James Fenimore Coopers The Last of the Mohicans and Catharine Maria Sedgwicks Hope Leslie, the dissertation compares and contrasts the representation of racial relations between Native Americans and European Americans. Although both writers oppose to miscegenation in their novels and maintain the idea of racial purity, Sedgwick mentions the possibility of relations between white people and Indians on the example of her secondary characters. Such rejection of miscegenation responds to the existing social and cultural standards that inspired inequality between the indigenous population and European colonizers, depriving both races of freedom. Dividing their characters on mixed and unmixed people, Cooper and Sedgwick reveal that persons with pure blood were more easily accepted by American society, and thus had more possibilities to survive. However, persons with mixed blood couldnt find their places either in the world of white people or in the world of Native Americans. Such attitude can be explained by the wish of White Americans to control people of other races and prevent any social changes, while miscegenation erased any differences between two races, taking away their power and superiority. As racial relations were closely connected with gender issues in those times, miscegenation could provide females with freedom that they were deprived of. As White Americans wanted the indigenous population to conform to their own culture and religion, they were not allowed white females to be involved in sexual relations with the Native Americans, applying to different measures to prevent miscegenation. Bibliography Barker, M. (1993) First and Last Mohicans. Sight and Sound 3.8, 26-29. Barker, M. and Sabin, R. (1995) The Lasting of the Mohicans: History of an American Myth. Jackson, University Press of Mississippi. Baym, N. (1992) Feminism and American Literary History. New Brunswick, Rutgers University Press. Calloway, C. G. (1987) Crown and Calumet: British Indian Relations, 1783-1815. Norman, University of Oklahoma Press. Clark, R. (1984) History and Myth in American Fiction, 1823-52. New York, St. Martins Press. Cooper, J. F. (1984) The Last of the Mohicans. 1826. New York, Lightyear. Martin, T. (1992) From Atrocity to Requiem: History in The Last of the Mohicans. In: H. Daniel Peck (ed.) New dissertations on The Last of the Mohicans. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, pp.60-67. McWilliams, J. (1995) The Last of the Mohicans: Civil Savagery and Savage Civility. New York, Twayne. Person, L. S. (1985) The American Eve: Miscegenation and a Feminist Frontier Fiction. American Quarterly 37.5, Winter, 668-685. Schlesinger, A. M. (1992) The Disuniting of America. New York, Norton. Sedgwick, C. M. (1987) Hope Leslie, or Early Times in the Massachusetts Colony. 1827. New Brunswick, NJ, Rutgers University Press. Wardrop, S. (1997) Last of the Red Hot Mohicans: Miscegenation in the Popular American Romance. MELUS 22.2 Popular Literature and Film, Summer, 61-74.

Perfect Competition Essay example - 1950 Words

Perfect Competition Perfect competition is an idealised market structure theory used in economics to show the market under a high degree of competition given certain conditions. This essay aims to outline the assumptions and distinctive features that form the perfectly competitive model and how this model can be used to explain short term and long term behaviour of a perfectly competitive firm aiming to maximise profits and the implications of enhancing these profits further. In a perfectly competitive market each firm is a â€Å"Price Taker† , i.e. the prices and wages are determined by the market and the firm is so small relative to the size of the market that they can have no influence over the market price. For a market to be†¦show more content†¦This is also linked into the behaviour of the buyers in the market. Buyers are also price takers because they can purchase as much as they wish without influencing the market price. The final assumption is important when considering the long term equilibrium price of a firm in perfect competition. This assumption is that entry into the market is free and that there are no barriers to entry. Any costs incurred are incurred by all of the suppliers; an entrant will pay no additional cost for entering the firm. In the short run the perfect competition equilibrium can be found by graphing the marginal cost (MC), average total cost (ATC) and marginal revenue (MR) curves. In perfect competition the price is equal to the average revenue, which is equal to the marginal revenue and these are all constant, giving an infinitely elastic demand curve for the firm. The demand curve is â€Å"perfectly price elastic† due to the homogeneity of the products supplied, where each supplier, as a price taker, must focus on a single price. Given this, the only choice a supplier has in the short run is how much to produce. 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The hand that rocks the boardroom cannot rock the cradle free essay sample

The hand that rocks the cradle can rock the boardroom. After being raised by a mother who? s time has been mostly spent working and trying to run a business, it is definite for me that a working mother can not expect to be good mother. Comparing my working mother? s job as a mother to my friend? s mothers who spend all of their time and energy focused on raising their child, makes it crystal clear that the characteristics needed to be a good mother, at least from my point of view, are not completed by my mother. It is just out of the question, either you do one thing properly or the other. Mothers can’t expect to have to completely different jobs that require their complete attention and excel at both. Either they do one thing or the other. In order to be a salient mother, attention or just the simple act of being present throughout their children? s day is very necessary. We will write a custom essay sample on The hand that rocks the boardroom cannot rock the cradle or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For most hard-working mothers, babysitters, or in some cases day care, are their sweet escape from having to deal with their children; what they don’t know is that the more they depend on the babysitters to meet their children? s need for attention, the more distant they grow from their children. Since having a job or running a business draws most of a mother? s attention, it is impossible for her to think that she is doing a good job as a mother. All of this attention is being given by the babysitter, therefore making her play the role of a mother in the child? s life and creating a vast distance between the child and the mother. It is most important for a mother to be present in her son or daughter? s life physically as crucial as it is for her to be there mentally. It is frustrating for any child to lack the presence od a mother in their life. The nanny or the babysitter fills in this gap, but it still doesn’t suffice for the huge abyss. Simple things like taking their kids to soccer, or assisting their school reunions are not most likely to be done by a busy woman. These things are mildly important because they build a sufficient amount of confidence between the mother and child and make their bond stronger. As motherhood is affected by working, working is also affected by motherhood. Mothers claim to say that they can multitask, but is this true? For most mothers, their kids mean everything to them which means that they think sufficiently about them. This is a clear impediment for efficient work and is proved to be true. How can a mother expect to be good at her job when she is thinking about her kids the entire time? Mothers have the trait of being very precarious, and leaving their precious kids to the care of someone else who will probably not take as good care of them would only amplify that. The fact that a mother is a mother doesn’t mean that she is her child slave o that she has to devote her entire life to him or her, it is more about the small and unnecessary details that a devoted mother shows that not only make her a mother, but a true friend.